수동태 문장 만드는 법

 

 

 

 

 

수동태 문장 만드는 법

 

 

 

1. 수동태 문장의 기본 구조

능동태(Active):
👉 주어 + 동사 + 목적어

수동태(Passive):
👉 목적어(→주어) + be 동사 + 과거분사(p.p.) + (by + 행위자)

예시 변환

능동태수동태

The teacher teaches English. (선생님이 영어를 가르친다.)	English is taught by the teacher. (영어는 선생님에 의해 가르쳐진다.)
They built the house. (그들은 집을 지었다.)	The house was built by them. (그 집은 그들에 의해 지어졌다.)
She wrote a letter. (그녀가 편지를 썼다.)	A letter was written by her. (편지는 그녀에 의해 쓰였다.)

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2. 능동태를 수동태로 바꾸는 방법

(1) 목적어를 주어로 이동

• 능동태 문장의 목적어(Object) → 수동태 문장의 주어(Subject)
  • He painted the wall. → The wall (벽이 주어가 됨)

(2) 동사를 'be 동사 + 과거분사'로 변경

• be 동사는 능동태 문장의 시제에 따라 변형됨.
• **과거분사(past participle, p.p.)**는 변하지 않음.
  • He painted the wall. → The wall was painted.

(3) 주어(행위자)를 "by + 주어" 형태로 추가 (필요할 경우)

• **by + 행위자(Agent)**는 필요할 때만 사용.
  • The wall was painted (by him). (벽이 칠해졌다.)

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3. 시제별 수동태 문장 만들기

시제에 따라 'be 동사'가 변하고, 동사는 항상 과거분사형을 사용합니다.

능동태수동태

현재형 She makes coffee.	Coffee is made by her.
과거형 They built a house.	A house was built by them.
미래형 He will finish the work.	The work will be finished by him.
현재완료 She has written a book.	A book has been written by her.
과거완료 They had finished the project.	The project had been finished by them.
조동사 포함 We must follow the rules.	The rules must be followed.

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4. 다양한 문장 유형의 수동태 변환

(1) 일반 문장 (S + V + O)

• 능동태: She reads a book.
• 수동태: A book is read by her.

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(2) 4형식 문장 (S + V + I.O + D.O)

4형식 문장은 두 가지 수동태 문장을 만들 수 있습니다.

• 능동태: She gave me a gift.

1. I was given a gift (by her).
2. A gift was given to me (by her).

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(3) 5형식 문장 (S + V + O + C)

• 능동태: They made her happy.
• 수동태: She was made happy (by them).
• 능동태: We call him Tom.
• 수동태: He is called Tom (by us).

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(4) 동사구(구동사, Phrasal Verbs) 포함 문장

동사구(구동사, Phrasal Verb)도 그대로 유지됩니다.

• 능동태: She turned on the light.
• 수동태: The light was turned on (by her).

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5. 수동태에서 "by + 행위자" 사용 여부

(1) 필수적인 경우 (중요한 행위자가 있을 때)

• Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. (햄릿은 셰익스피어에 의해 쓰였다.)
• The phone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. (전화기는 알렉산더 그레이엄 벨에 의해 발명되었다.)

(2) 생략하는 경우 (행위자가 불필요할 때)

• The door was opened. (문이 열렸다.)
• English is spoken in Canada. (캐나다에서 영어가 사용된다.)
  ➡ 누가 했는지가 중요하지 않거나, 너무 일반적인 경우 by + 행위자 생략 가능.

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6. 연습 문제

문제 1: 다음 문장을 수동태로 변환하세요.

1. He cleans the room.
2. They watched a movie.
3. She will send the email.
4. The company has completed the project.

문제 2: 다음 문장에서 수동태가 올바르게 변환되었는지 판단하세요. (O/X)

1. A cake was made by her. ( )
2. The letter was wrote by me. ( )
3. The car will be repaired by him. ( )
4. The homework is do by the students. ( )

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7. 정답 및 해설

문제 1 정답

1. The room is cleaned (by him).
2. A movie was watched (by them).
3. The email will be sent (by her).
4. The project has been completed (by the company).

문제 2 정답

1. O (맞음)
2. X → "was wrote" ❌ → was written ⭕
3. O (맞음)
4. X → "is do" ❌ → is done ⭕